Injuries to the abdomen are generally caused by a blunt or penetrating trauma. The result of this trauma can range from internal bleeding, to organs being exposed to the air. These injuries are very serious, and medical attention should always be sought as soon as possible. DO NOT perform any first aid unless absolutely necessary, and even then, abstain from giving aid if you’re uncomfortable with it, except in dire (you cannot reach others for aid) circumstances.

Blunt trauma is classically defined as a blow to the abdomen without any associated wounds. However, a puncture wound is also given the same initial treatment. With all internal injuries, look for signs of shock.

Blunt or penetrating trauma

Symptoms

Pale, cool, clammy skin

Evidence of wound

Rapid, weak pulse, with evidence of shock

Rapid, shallow breathing

Abdominal rigidity

Fetal position if lying down

Holding abdomen, guarding it

May be incontinent (unable to control bladder or bowels)

First Aid

Call 911 for an ambulance immediately!

If you can do so safely, try to stop any minor bleeding, using gauze and tape.

If the wound was a puncture wound, and an object is still embedded, allow it to remain in place. Do Not touch it, and do not try to slow bleeding. Wait for help to arrive.

If the wound permits, and the casualty is conscious, lay casualty on back and elevate legs bent at the knees

Speak to the person, soothe them and help them try to remain calm.

Evisceration

Evisceration is an abdominal injury in which the organs are actually visible. These wounds are incredibly serious, and help needs to be attained immediately! Dial 911 or your local emergency numbers. The person will likely not feel much pain with this sort of wound, but unless you are trained, you should not provide aid. Often, the people will claim to feel ok, and may even be able to walk around. Make sure there are no materials touching the organs that will stick to or damage the delicate membranes.

Symptoms

Obvious protrusion of organs

Pale, cool, clammy skin

Rapid, weak pulse, with evidence of shock

Rapid, shallow breathing

May be fecal odor if organs have been lacerated

Anxiety

Nausea

First Aid

Call 911 Immediately!!

cover organs with non-stick dressing (if unavailable, clean dressing kept wet or plastic wrap) ***ONLY IF TRAINED OR INSTRUCTED TO DO SO BY MEDICAL PROFESSIONALS***

If the wound permits, and the casualty is conscious, lay casualty on back and elevate legs bent at the knees

Speak to the person, soothe them and help them try to remain calm.

if unconscious, stable side position with legs bent

DO NOT attempt to replace organs

*** Before administering any first aid to anyone outside your family, be aware of your rights and responsibilities: The Good Samaritan Law. ***